{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{longtable}{l*{8}{c}}
\caption{Robust: Regressions Without Dust Bowl Counties. \label{tab:dustbowl}}\\
\hline\hline\endfirsthead\hline\endhead\hline\endfoot\endlastfoot
                &\multicolumn{4}{c}{OLS}                                                    &\multicolumn{4}{c}{2SLS}                                                   \\\cmidrule(lr){2-5}\cmidrule(lr){6-9}
                &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(5)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(6)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(7)}         &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(8)}         \\
                &War bonds         &Volunteers         &   Medals         &      PCA         &War bonds         &Volunteers         &   Medals         &      PCA         \\
\hline
Agricultural support&    0.131\sym{***}&    0.029\sym{***}&    0.013\sym{***}&    0.207\sym{***}&    0.340\sym{***}&    0.146\sym{**} &    0.053\sym{***}&    0.759\sym{***}\\
                &  [0.015]         &  [0.008]         &  [0.004]         &  [0.027]         &  [0.063]         &  [0.068]         &  [0.014]         &  [0.152]         \\
WWI volunteering rate&    0.018         &    0.138\sym{***}&    0.056\sym{**} &    0.491\sym{***}&    0.011         &    0.133\sym{***}&    0.055\sym{**} &    0.469\sym{***}\\
                &  [0.041]         &  [0.027]         &  [0.023]         &  [0.125]         &  [0.049]         &  [0.033]         &  [0.022]         &  [0.145]         \\
WWI awards per capita&    0.208\sym{**} &    0.061         &    0.023         &    0.361         &    0.190\sym{**} &    0.058         &    0.022         &    0.347         \\
                &  [0.088]         &  [0.092]         &  [0.035]         &  [0.251]         &  [0.093]         &  [0.089]         &  [0.047]         &  [0.286]         \\
log 1930 population&   -0.016         &   -0.011         &   -0.018         &   -0.138\sym{*}  &    0.015         &    0.009         &   -0.011         &   -0.042         \\
                &  [0.028]         &  [0.011]         &  [0.014]         &  [0.074]         &  [0.033]         &  [0.018]         &  [0.014]         &  [0.081]         \\
1930 unemployment rate&   -0.466         &    0.454\sym{**} &    0.147         &    1.170         &   -0.286         &    0.544\sym{**} &    0.178         &    1.591         \\
                &  [0.287]         &  [0.201]         &  [0.167]         &  [0.938]         &  [0.312]         &  [0.252]         &  [0.173]         &  [1.085]         \\
Urban status: 1930&    0.050\sym{*}  &   -0.002         &    0.001         &    0.084\sym{*}  &    0.012         &   -0.025         &   -0.007         &   -0.023         \\
                &  [0.027]         &  [0.013]         &  [0.006]         &  [0.043]         &  [0.035]         &  [0.018]         &  [0.008]         &  [0.065]         \\
1930 farm share &   -0.577\sym{***}&   -0.131\sym{**} &    0.023         &   -0.560\sym{***}&   -0.703\sym{***}&   -0.178\sym{***}&    0.007         &   -0.782\sym{***}\\
                &  [0.134]         &  [0.055]         &  [0.028]         &  [0.186]         &  [0.172]         &  [0.068]         &  [0.029]         &  [0.280]         \\
1929 farm income&    0.075\sym{***}&   -0.019\sym{*}  &    0.010         &    0.063         &    0.008         &   -0.059\sym{**} &   -0.004         &   -0.122         \\
                &  [0.021]         &  [0.012]         &  [0.010]         &  [0.057]         &  [0.036]         &  [0.028]         &  [0.011]         &  [0.093]         \\
Mean Democratic vote share: 1898-1928&    0.003\sym{**} &   -0.001\sym{**} &   -0.000         &   -0.000         &   -0.000         &   -0.003\sym{**} &   -0.001\sym{*}  &   -0.007\sym{**} \\
                &  [0.001]         &  [0.001]         &  [0.000]         &  [0.002]         &  [0.001]         &  [0.001]         &  [0.000]         &  [0.003]         \\
1930 share of men&   -1.087         &   -1.187\sym{**} &   -0.610\sym{**} &   -6.134\sym{***}&   -0.754         &   -1.078\sym{*}  &   -0.573\sym{**} &   -5.620\sym{***}\\
                &  [0.820]         &  [0.491]         &  [0.257]         &  [1.523]         &  [0.974]         &  [0.618]         &  [0.233]         &  [1.928]         \\
1930 share of blacks&   -0.247\sym{***}&   -0.392\sym{***}&   -0.038\sym{*}  &   -1.004\sym{***}&   -0.204\sym{*}  &   -0.367\sym{***}&   -0.030         &   -0.886\sym{***}\\
                &  [0.093]         &  [0.039]         &  [0.023]         &  [0.152]         &  [0.121]         &  [0.060]         &  [0.025]         &  [0.220]         \\
1930 share of Japaneses&    4.921\sym{**} &    0.717         &    1.081         &   11.681\sym{*}  &    4.537         &    0.989         &    1.174         &   12.960\sym{**} \\
                &  [2.039]         &  [1.196]         &  [1.304]         &  [6.871]         &  [2.778]         &  [1.471]         &  [1.186]         &  [6.305]         \\
1930 share of Germans&    0.793\sym{***}&   -0.471\sym{***}&    0.129         &    0.483         &    0.467         &   -0.635\sym{***}&    0.073         &   -0.291         \\
                &  [0.233]         &  [0.164]         &  [0.148]         &  [0.787]         &  [0.313]         &  [0.196]         &  [0.152]         &  [0.902]         \\
1930 share of Italians&   -0.389         &   -0.227         &   -0.018         &   -0.638         &   -0.236         &   -0.095         &    0.028         &   -0.018         \\
                &  [0.603]         &  [0.233]         &  [0.171]         &  [1.122]         &  [0.668]         &  [0.287]         &  [0.194]         &  [1.357]         \\
1930 share of veterans&   -0.411         &    0.794\sym{**} &    0.312\sym{***}&    3.376\sym{***}&   -0.749         &    0.674\sym{**} &    0.271\sym{**} &    2.811\sym{***}\\
                &  [1.161]         &  [0.312]         &  [0.116]         &  [0.808]         &  [1.211]         &  [0.283]         &  [0.115]         &  [0.855]         \\
log 1939 average wage&    0.472\sym{***}&    0.185\sym{***}&    0.061\sym{***}&    1.015\sym{***}&    0.455\sym{***}&    0.175\sym{***}&    0.058\sym{***}&    0.967\sym{***}\\
                &  [0.063]         &  [0.034]         &  [0.021]         &  [0.136]         &  [0.073]         &  [0.045]         &  [0.022]         &  [0.164]         \\
WII war contract per capita&    0.296\sym{***}&   -0.036\sym{***}&    0.004         &    0.226\sym{***}&    0.301\sym{***}&   -0.036\sym{***}&    0.004         &    0.230\sym{***}\\
                &  [0.022]         &  [0.008]         &  [0.005]         &  [0.032]         &  [0.026]         &  [0.010]         &  [0.004]         &  [0.043]         \\
State FE (48)   &      Yes         &      Yes         &      Yes         &      Yes         &      Yes         &      Yes         &      Yes         &      Yes         \\
\hline
\(R^{2}\)       &    0.673         &    0.583         &    0.196         &    0.647         &    0.626         &    0.504         &    0.144         &    0.540         \\
Mean dependent variable&    4.596         &    0.591         &    0.138         &   -0.106         &    4.596         &    0.591         &    0.138         &   -0.106         \\
Rubin-Anderson test (p-value)&                  &                  &                  &                  &    0.000         &    0.155         &    0.002         &    0.001         \\
Observations    &     2533         &     2112         &     2112         &     2112         &     2533         &     2112         &     2112         &     2112         \\
\hline\hline
\end{longtable}
}
